Kettle Island has been confirmed as the preferred location for a new bridge linking Ontario and Quebec.

Hong Kong's Highways Department has announced that its bridge design and construction will feature more environmental elements, including wider footbridges to allow room for planting.

A new bridge over the Ohio River opened on Tuesday. The Pomeroy-Mason Bridge is a US$65 million, four-lane cable-stayed structure in the south east of the US state of Ohio.

A planning inspector has given permission for construction of the Milton Creek Bridge in Kent in southern England following a public inquiry in July. The next step is to appoint a contractor with a view to work starting on site in 2009.

Shanghai Construction Group has announced the completion of the main structure of the Minpu Bridge in Shanghai, China. Construction of the Puxi-side tower of the bridge finished yesterday, following September's completion of the tower in Pudong.

Construction of Poole’s US$59 million second harbour crossing could begin before the end of 2009 following approval of the final slice of funding for the bridge in southern England.

A shortlist of BMV (Balfour Beatty, Morgan Est and Vinci joint venture), Carillion, Morrison Construction and Roadbridge/Sisk has been selected to bid for the construction of Scotland's St James Spur, a main branch line rail viaduct stretching across the M8 motorway to a new airport station.

One worker was killed and 18 injured, some seriously, on Friday when an elevated walkway collapsed while under construction at the Atlanta Botanical Garden in the USA. The canopy-level 183m "skywalk" is designed to provide a route through the treetops of the park's wooodland.

Maytas Metro has appointed Systra and Parsons Brinckerhoff to carry out the engineering design and project management of the Hyderabad metro.

Newly-published research by civil engineers at Bristol University has studied how people balance while walking, giving new insight into the unexpected swaying that occured when London's Millennium Bridge opened.

The operator of the Forth Road Bridge has ordered a review of the planned project to replace the main expansion joints, in light of increased costs and last week’s confirmation that a new crossing will be in place by 2016, albeit with a reduced budget.

Construction of a cable-stayed viaduct spanning east China's Qiantang River began yesterday. The Jia-Shao Bridge - short for Jiaxing-Shaoxing - will be 2,680m long, making it 200m longer than France's Millau Viaduct.

California's Department of Transportation, Caltrans, is setting up a citizens' task force of up to 40 people in a bid reduce construction impacts of a new bridge on the local mountain community. FCI Constructors begins building the US$39 million Big Bear Bridge early next year.

Scottish ministers yesterday set out transport plans that include a new strategy for a replacement crossing the Firth of Forth. The cost is now put at US$2.5 billion to US$3.46 billion - a US$2.5 billion reduction on original estimates.

A joint venture led by Astaldi Group has won a US$189 million contract to build the Hãlic Bridge over the Golden Horn in Turkey.

An accelerated bridge repair programme for the US state of Massachusetts moved forward this week when the Executive Office of Transportation filed a US$3 billion eight-year bridge repair plan.

Independent private consulting practice Flint & Neill has become part of Danish consulting group Cowi.

Ireland's planning board An Bord Pleanála has opened an oral hearing into Kilkenny's proposed central access road, which includes a cable-stayed bridge over the River Nore.

Members of the decision-making cabinet in the northern English city of Sunderland will consider the next steps for a proposed bridge over the River Wear when they meet on Wednesday.

The three juristictions involved in the 29km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge will launch the tender for the main bridge's design on Monday, Hong Kong's government has announced.

A worker was killed on Monday while cables were being adjusted for bridge construction on the Hoover Dam Bypass project in the USA. The accident occurred during a routine operation to adjust a cable used to align the temporary concrete towers that support construction of the Colorado River Bridge's twin arches.

The Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission today awarded a contract to DMJM Harris to continue serving as its capital program management consultant. DMJM Harris also will serve as design management consultant for the I-95/Scudder Falls Bridge improvement project, which currently is in the midst of an environmental assessment review process by state and federal agencies.

Latest estimates for a new floating bridge to carry the SR 520 highway in the western USA have put the cost at US$1.728 billion. The costs cover the pontoon construction site, primary and supporting pontoons and the floating bridge's deck.

Dubai's prime minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum has approved the design of the seventh crossing over Dubai Creek. The bridge, to be known as the 'Dubai Smile', will carry six lanes in each direction across the 400m-wide waterway.

The Minnesota Department of Transportation has announced that the US state will receive US$20 million in a settlement with HNTB Corporation, which designed the Wakota Bridge project that carries Interstate 494 over the Mississippi River.

The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has determined that the probable cause of last year’s collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was the inadequate load capacity some of the gusset plates due to a design error by Sverdrup & Parcel and Associates. The plates failed under a combination of substantial increases in the weight of the bridge following previous modifications, and the traffic and concentrated construction loads on the bridge on the day of the accident.

A two-year project is under way to upgrade 19 bridges in the Puget Sound area of the north western USA to current seismic standards.

The USA's Federal Highways Adminstration has launched a website for its long-term bridge performance programme.

Construction of a 1.2km cable-stayed bridge is scheduled to start next year in Botswana.

London's mayor Boris Johnson has excluded the proposed Thames Gateway Bridge from a multi-billion dollar 10-year transport expansion plan that he outlined today.

Plans for a new Popp's Ferry Bridge have been outlined by the city of Biloxi in Mississippi, USA. The cost of the preferred option - a combination of drawbridge and causeway - is put at US$37.7 million, as part of a US$76.5 million project cost.

A low-profile concrete arch pedestrian bridge has been chosen instead of a 'signature' cable-stayed crossing for the city of Durham in North Carolina, USA.

The English city of Leicester has launched an international design competition to design a foot and cycle bridge over the River Soar.

A third bridge is to be built over Londonderry's River Foyle in Northern Ireland.

The full funding required for a long-awaited new pedestrian and cycle bridge in Norwich in eastern England has now been secured.

Eleven workers have been killed and 12 injured when a crane cable failed at a bridge under construction near Chongqing in south west China.

Arup and JDA Architects have won the competition to design a bridge over the River Douglas in Lancashire, north west England.

A groundbreaking ceremony yesterday kicked off work on the Harbor Drive Pedestrian Bridge in San Diego, USA. The structure will be one of the world's longest self-anchored suspension bridges.

Proposals for a cross-border bridge linking Northern Ireland and the Irish state have gone on display.

A section of flyover under construction in Delhi, India, collapsed yesterday killing two people and injuring up to 30. The flyover is part of a series of new lines being built for Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.

Plans have been submitted for a dramatic revolving cable-stayed footbridge at The Quays in Manchester, north west England.

Construction has begun of a “woven” pedestrian bridge that will connect athletic fields at the University of Pennsylvania in the USA with a new park that is being created.

A pedestrian bridge over a creek in Giles County in the US state of Virginia collapsed yesterday injuring nine people.

The directors responsible for the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA, have voted to proved a horizontal net system 6.1m below the deck to prevent people jumping to their death from the bridge.

The USA's New Jersey Turnpike Authority is to expand the number of traffic lanes crossing the Mullica River from two to three in each direction with a new northbound bridge.

Scotland's Stirling Council has said that the opening of its Forthside Bridge has been put back until next year as it is has been advised by contractor Edmund Nuttall that it is taking longer than planned to complete the final elements of work.

Macquarie Infrastructure Group has accepted a firm offer from Vinci that will increase Vinci’s stake in the concessionaire for two River Tagus bridges in Portugal. Vinci’s stake in Lusoponte will rise from 30.85% to 37.27%.

Hundreds of people watched yesterday as a 137m-long section of the old Liberty Memorial Bridge was blown up in North Dakota, USA. The historic crossing of the Missouri River has been replaced by a new bridge which opened to trafffic in July.

Britain’s largest crane manoeuvred a new footbridge into place across Scotland’s M8 motorway on Friday evening. The eye-catching US$8.9 million structure has a spiral design, formed from tubular steel, and encloses a glass-sided walkway.

A new report to Scotland’s Forth Estuary Transport Authority (Feta) recommends appointing Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering as preferred bidder for the scheduled replacement of the Forth Road Bridge’s main expansion joints next year. Feta has also announced today that routine inspections have identified damage to some of the nuts that attach the bridge's hangers to the main suspension cables. The cause is being investigated.

The largest bridge and tunnel project in the history of Queensland, Australia, has reached two milestones. Spending on the scheme has passed AU$2 billion (US$820 million), coinciding with the second anniversary of the signing of contract documents.

Authorities in the US state of New York have announced plans for a US$6.4 billion replacement of the Tappan Zee Bridge. A study has recommended that the new structure should include provision for bus rapid transit and commuter rail services as well as road traffic.

New Zealand's Auckland City Council has commissioned an independent peer review on the transport, urban design and amenity requirements and navigational standards for the new Te Wero Bridge.

Turmoil in the financial markets has prompted the US state of Missouri to change the procurement method for its planned rehabilitation of 802 bridges. Missouri Bridge Partners (MBP) had previously been identified as the apparent best-value proposer for a design-build-finance-maintain contract to replace them over a period of five years. The work will now be carried out using design and build packages managed by the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT).

A major bridge over the Bagmati River between Sinamangal and Old Baneshwore in Kathmandu, Nepal, has been closed after one of the bridge piers subsided and a crack appeared in the middle span of the bridge, writes Ramkrishna Wagle.

Lancashire County Council in north west England has opened a public consultation about the seven shortlisted designs for a new bridge over the River Douglas.

A major new suspension bridge is to cross the Aizhai Gorge as part of the Jishou-Chadong Expressway in west of China's Hunan province.

Dublin City Council has said that construction of a new public transport bridge over the River Liffey will begin late next year.

A joint venture of Jacobs Engineering Group, Gannett Fleming Transit & Rail Systems and HNTB Corporation has won a contract from New Jersey Transit to provide design services for a project to enhance the capacity of the Portal Bridge. Jacobs estimates the project's overall construction value to be US$1.3 billion.

The US city of Oklahoma has unveiled the design for a new pedestrian link to the city's downtown, the Skydance Bridge.

A competition to design the proposed Ballsbridge-Dodder Pedestrian Bridge in Dublin South City, Ireland, has been won by architect Alan Dempsey.

Surrey County Council in southern England has added an automated warning system in a bid to stop tall vehcles from striking or becoming wedged under a railway bridge in Staines.

Brazil's Andrade Gutierrez is to build a US$200 million viaduct high above the Rhumel River in the Algerian city of Constantine.

Finishing touches are being applied this week to Minnesota's new Interstate 35W Bridge ahead of it being opened to traffic little more than a year after the fatal collapse of its predecessor.

Bids from four pre-qualified groups of engineers and architects will be invited later this year for the position of technical consultants for the proposed Fehmarnbelt crossing between Denmark and Germany.

The larger of the two arches has now been positioned for the North Shore Footbridge in Stockton, northern England. The arch was lifted into place by the UK's largest mobile crane, and sits alongside a smaller arch, which was positioned earlier this summer.

Aecon Construction & Materials Ltd has won a US$17.8 million contract to replace the southbound Vernon Lakes Narrow Bridge in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Sunderland City Council in the north east of England has finally revealed the winning design in its River Wear Crossing competition - three years after the design was chosen. The winning concept - by architect Spence Associates and structural engineer Techniker - was selected by the competition jury in 2005, but the council refused to make the details public.

Russia's president Dmitry Medvedev has signed an instruction for the building of a major suspension bridge linking Vladivostok to Russky Island.

Support from the British government has enabled Sri Lanka to approve the construction of seven flyovers costing some US$60 million and 54 rural bridges costing US$30 million.

The Highways Agency has begun work on a US$9 million scheme to refurbish the westbound carriageway of the M50 Queenhill Viaduct near Tewkesbury in England. It is the first phase of a US$36 million strategy to upgrade the structure over the next few years.

Gammon Infrastructure has been appointed by the government of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh to build and operate a major bridge over the Godavari River.

Transport ministers from Germany and Denmark will meet in Copenhagen on 3 September to sign an agreement to build the Fehmarnbelt Link linking the two countries.

Construction of Vietnam's Can Tho Bridge resumed this week, 11 months after work had been suspended following a fatal accident. A 90m-long section of the approach collapsed last September, killing 54 workers and injuring many more.

Michael Baker Jr has won a US$1.1 million contract to determine the type of bridge for the replacement of an existing crossing that carries the US 421 over the Ohio River between Milton, Kentucky, and Madison, Indiana in the USA.

The Alfords Point Bridge duplication project in Sydney, Australia, has been completed on time and under budget and opened to traffic today. Abigroup was contractor for the project, which came in 7% under budget at US$36.7 million.

The Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission has published the latest plans for the project to improve the I-95/Scudder Falls Bridge.

A design by Hyder Consulting, Denton Corker Marshall Design and Kenneth Grubb & Associates has been chosen for the Te Wero Bridge in Auckland, New Zealand.

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has released preliminary drawings for a new Goethals Bridge to a cable-stayed design.

Crews from Total Construction have almost completed removal of the west approach to the old Liberty Memorial Bridge in North Dakota, USA. This has allowed Lunda Construction and J&L Steel to begin work on the west approach for the new bridge.

Baker Engineering has been awarded a seven-month bridge inspection contract by the Illinois Department of Transportation in the USA.

Ireland's Waterford City Council has published a notice this week inviting expressions of interest from consultants to work on a new city centre pedestrian and cycle bridge over the River Suir. The bridge will have an opening span.

The Port of San Diego has recommended teams from France, the UK and the USA as finalists to design a multi-million dollar artistic lighting scheme for the the San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge. The Bideau Company of France, the Peter Fink team from London and a Californian team of Ned Kahn, Patrick McInerney Associates and Jason Edling were picked, together with two alternate teams, both from the USA.

At least seven people died on Friday when a bridge in the eastern part of the Czech Republic collapsed into the path of an express train. Dozens more were injured by the accident which derailed the locomotive and six carriages, trapping passengers.

Box girder strengthening at New Zealand's Auckland Harbour Bridge has begun this week. The box girders are for 'clip on' lanes either side of the bridge and the project to strengthen them will take two and a half years.

Hong Kong, Guangdong and Macau have agreed funding arrangements for construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, opening the way for the next steps in the project's feasibility and design. China's central government will also contribute funds towards the 29.6km-long bridge. Yesterday's announcement said that construction is to start by 2010.

Government funding of US$193 million has been awarded for a new river crossing in Sunderland in the north of England.

Winners of the Bridge design & engineering Footbridge Awards 2008 were recognised in a special awards presentation evening at the Footbridge 2008 conference in Portugal in July. Engineers, architects and owners representing seven winning footbridge projects and 12 highly commended projects collected their trophies and certificates at the event, which was held in the beautiful Alfândega building on the riverfront in the centre of Porto.

All work on the new I-35W Bridge over the Mississippi River will stop this afternoon in observance of the first anniversary of the old bridge's collapse, which killed 13 people.

Royal Haskoning's design for a 450m-long cable stayed bridge has been chosen for a new motorway link to Dubai's largest artificial Palm Island, Jebel Ali.

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has published a report outlining the scale of bridge repairs needed in the USA. Bridging the gap: restoring and rebuilding the nation's bridges cites findings by the Federal Highway Administration that put the cost of repairing or modernising the country's bridges at US$140 billion, assuming all were fixed immediately.

More than US$1 billion is to be spent on an Iranian project that includes 2.46km-long bridge across the Persian Gulf to Qeshm Island. The plans were announced by the managing director of Qeshm Free Trade Zone, Mohammad Asghari.

A 118-year-old bridge in the Slovakian capital, Bratislava, is to be rebuilt at a cost of some US$53 million dollars. The Starého mosta - Old Bridge - fails to meet today's shipping and road transport requirements.

One of the UK's largest mobile cranes today positioned a 55m-span stainless steel bridge over the floating harbour at Temple Quay Central in the English city of Bristol.

Axion International has received an order from the US Army for the fabrication and installation of a thermoplastic composite I-beam tank bridge for a base at Fort Bragg in North Carolina. The plastic used will be entirely recycled.

Concrete beams were lifted across one of the busiest roads in Brisbane, Australia, on Thursday as the US$61.4 million Tank Street Bridge started to take shape. The operation involved positioning two beams, each 25m long and weighing 55t.

Plans to build a pedestrian and cycle bridge over the River Avon in the English town of Stratford have been withdrawn. Warwickshire County Council cites a cost increase from US$4 million to US$6.6 million as the reason for dropping the project.

A new suspension bridge was completed today spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead - though it is only temporary. The 120m bamboo crossing has been built by Australian firm Bambuco as part of a weekend music and arts festival.

Utah Department of Transportation is part way through an ambitious programme to replace 12 bridges on or near the I-80 highway in just two months. The latest bridge was moved into position this weekend.

Prefabricated steel trusses are set to be lifted into place for a new pedestrian bridge at Seattle's Museum of Flight in the USA. The bridge’s design is inspired by an aircraft contrail. The metaphor has been carried out in a tube truss design, made of crossing circular steel pipe sections surrounding an inner glass enclosure — which also references the shape of a fuselage.

Five options for suicide prevention measures on the Golden Gate Bridge have been outlined in an environmental impact report published this week. Wind tunnel testing has shown that all of the alternatives would require the addition of some form of device to counter instabilities induced by high winds.

Skanska has appointed Rautaruukki to supply and install the steel superstructure of the Partihallsförbindelsen Bridge in Gothenburg, Sweden. The contract is valued at about US$14 million.

UNESCO's world heritage committee has allowed Dresden's Elbe Valley to remain on its world heritage list for the time being, despite concerns about the visual impact of a new bridge.

Vietnam's Minister of Construction has reported to the government following the investigation into last September's collapse of the Can Tho Bridge.

Ecuador's Ministry of Transport & Public Works signed a US$102 million contract yesterday with China's Guanxi Road & Bridge Engineering Corporation for construction of the fourth bridge over the River Babahoyo.

The record-breaking Sutong Bridge was formally opened on Monday in east China's Jiangsu Province after five years of construction. The cable-stayed bridge’s main span of 1,088m is the world's longest and its steel and concrete towers stand 300.4m high.

A key part of the US$2 billion Yangtze River Tunnel & Bridge project was completed in Shanghai, China, on Friday. Major engineering work on the 10.3km bridge section from Changxing to Chongming Island and the 8.9km tunnel section are now finished.

Glasgow's Clyde Arc is due to reopen to traffic this weekend. The bridge has been closed since earlier this year when a hanger connection component failed.

Representatives of the US states of Washington and Oregon have voted in favour of replacing the Interstate 5 bridge over the Columbia River with a new bridge and light-rail extension.

The Jerusalem Light Rail Train Bridge, designed by Santiago Calatrava, is being inaugurated today.

Designs for a new pedestrian bridge in Norwich, eastern England, have been put on public display. The bridge, designed by Ramboll Whitbybird, will provide a link over the River Wensum between the north of the city and its centre. Site owner Jarrold & Sons will shortly be submitting a detailed planning application, following the grant of outline permission last year.

Massachusetts Port Authority has announced that a new structural monitoring system will be fitted on the Tobin Bridge over the next 18 months, making it the US state's first 'smart bridge'.

Corrosion has caused the main suspension cables of the Forth Road Bridge to lose 10% of their strength, according to new inspection findings published today by the Forth Estuary Transport Authority. However, the inspection by Faber Maunsell shows that the cables may be deteriorating more slowly than previously feared.

Philippines president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has ordered the Department of Public Works & Highways to fast-track the implementation of the US$243 million president's bridge programme.

Jacques Cartier & Champlain Bridges Incorporated and the Québec Department of Transport have given details of the two phases of a project to replace the deck of the Honoré-Mercier Bridge and extend its life by 75 years. It is the largest bridge repair project in Canadian history.

Completion of the missing motorway link between England and Scotland has moved a step closer with the opening to northbound traffic of Mossband Viaduct. The viaduct, which crosses a main rail line, is the key link in a 9km extension of the M6 motorway from Carlisle to Guards Mill.

The smaller of the two arches for the North Shore Footbridge in north east England is being installed today.

Vietnam's deputy prime minister Hoang Trung Hai has led a ceremony to mark the start of construction of the US$100 million Dong Nai Bridge, which will link Bien Hoa City with Ho Chi Minh City and relieve traffic on the existing crossing.

Plans for a new bridge over the Columbia River have been backed by the Metro regional government, which serves the Portland area of Oregon in the USA. Five members of Metro's council voted to offer provisional support for construction of the replacement bridge, with two opposed.

The River Cam's first new bridge in more than 35 years opens to the public at midday today in Cambridge, eastern England. The design by Ramboll Whitbybird, working with artist Gerry Judah, won a Cambridgeshire City Council competition in 2004.

Construction is now under way on the Hale Street Link project in Brisbane, Australia, following a groundbreaking ceremony last month. The scheme's river crossing will be Brisbane's first inner-city vehicle, pedestrian and cycle bridge to be built in more than 20 years.

The High Level Bridge, which links Newcastle and Gateshead in northern England, has reopened to southbound buses and taxis after being closed for repairs since 2005. Work on the US$78.8 million project has spanned seven years.

Canada's South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority (Translink) has said that the future of the Pattullo Bridge will be determined next month. A study to be published in July will set out the options, which include twinning or replacing the current structure.

Leonhardt, Andrä & Partner has announced the completion this week of the final section of a new bridge over the River Elbe at Niederwartha near Dresden.

Debris from construction work a newly-installed bridge has caused severe disruption to rail services at one of London's main stations.

Italy's minister of infrastructure and transport Altero Matteoli has written a letter to Messina Bridge concessionaire Società Stretto di Messina's president Pietro Ciucci confirming the government's commitment to restarting the project.

Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation has invited tenders for consultancy work on three packages of footbridges over railways.

The Kane County Division of Transportation has awarded Baker Engineering a US3.4 million contract for the final design of the Fox River Bridge, the signature section of a project to improve the Stearns Road corridor in the US state of Illinois.

Two people were killed yesterday and three injured when part of a Swedish rail bridge being built by Skanska collapsed.

Minnesota Department of Transportation has announced that concrete placement is now complete for the south approach spans of the new I-35W St Anthony Falls Bridge. Work on the main span can now begin, with the first pair of segments scheduled for erection later this week.

Scottish transport minister Stewart Stevenson today visited the site of the new Harthill Footbridge to mark the start of its construction.

The governor of the US state of Massachusetts, Deval Patrick, has filed legislation to accelerate the repair of between 250 and 300 bridges that have been identified as structurally deficient.

Chile's Ministry of Public Works is assessing technical bids for the planned San Pedro de Osorno Bridge which will serve the Rahüe and Osorno areas.

The Highways Agency started work yesterday on a US$8 million project to repair concrete columns and supporting crossbeams at Gravelly Hill Interchange - better known as Spaghetti Junction - in Birmingham, England. The 17-month project involves reinforcing eight bridge deck supports and several columns at the interchange on the M6 motorway.

Vinci has now signed the contract for the massive Qatar–Bahrain causeway that will reduce journey times from five hours to just 30 minutes. Vinci Construction Grands Projets leads a consortium for the US$3 billion design-build contract which will provide a 40km two-lane dual carriageway motorway between Qatar and Bahrain.

Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner has won the design competition for a bridge to cross the 200m-deep Tamina Canyon in the Swiss canton of St Gallen.

Acting US Federal Highway Administrator Jim Ray has announced a 20-year research effort to collect data on bridges nationwide aimed at improving investment decisions. The Rutgers University Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) has been awarded a contract, worth up to US$25.5 million, to carry out the programme through to 2012.

Transit New Zealand chief executive Rick van Barneveld today confirmed that Transit plans to start construction of the new Kopu Bridge by mid-2011.

The record-breaking sea crossing of Hangzou Bay in eastern China opened to traffic today after the final link was placed last year.

Contractors shortlisted for the Twin Sails Bridge in Poole, southern England, have been stood down pending the outcome of negotiations betwen the council and a landowner, JJ Gallagher.

The Government of Canada has announced the award of a contract for replacement of the deck of the Honoré-Mercier Bridge in Quebec.

Acciona and its subsidiary Mostostal Warszawa have been appointed to build a major cable-stayed bridge over the River Odra in Wroclaw, Poland.

A new 280m-long bridge over the River Chenab in the state of Jammu & Kashmir was officially opened today by India's prime minister Manmohan Singh.

Environmental consi